62 cm). Refrigerated trucks are 50 to 60 inches in bed height, so they always will require a guardrail. Midrails, screens, mesh and other intermediate members must be capable of withstanding at least 150 pounds of force applied in any direction. The OSHA rules and standards regarding handrails are in the section about the fall protection systems. 112 (b) (3) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, employers must use Table G–1 in § 1915. §1620. For. Safety Products . OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Have handrails that meet the requirements of § 1917. 451(e)(4)(xiii). Unless the nature of the work in progress or the physical conditions prohibit the use or installation of such guardrails. Roof Safety Railing Ground Mounted Railing Construction Railing KeeGuard Railing Non-Penetrating. or other working areas of a building as defined in Section 3207 of the General Industry Safety Orders. About Our. 28) It is the employer’s responsibility to provide some sort of protection to workers against falls. Residential Construction – 29 CFR 1926. The following is an overview of the regulations in Title 8 for Fall Protection in construction (not all of the applicable Title 8 regulations are given below) Article 16. The guardrails must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. March 15, 2021. 21. 250 (a) General . For stair rail systems installed on or after January 17, 2017, the top rail and handrail must be separate. 29(k)(1), the new toeboard requirement needs to be at least 3. 1431 (b) (1) When using equipment to hoist employees, the employees must be in a personnel platform that meets the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section. Skip into content. Presuming your guardrail system meets the requirements of §1926. (a) Scope. California Code of Regulations, title 8, chapter 4: subchapter 4 (Construction Safety Orders); subchapter 5 (Electrical Safety Ord ers); and subchapter 7 (General Industry Safety. A handrail and a railing as applied to fixed industrial stairs have two different meanings. 29 (b) (1): The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. 23 (a) (4), therefore, requires that skylights in the roof of buildings through which persons may fall while walking or working shall be guarded by a standard. 866. " Employers must keep these areas clean and dry whenever possible. 501(b)(13), including guardrail systems, safety net systems, and personal fall arrest systems, must meet and be used in accordance with applicable requirements in 1926. (2) Temporary railing and toeboards shall meet the requirements of Sections 1620 and 1621. 4 cm) in height. By strict letter of the law, a 46” dock does not require fall. scaffoldshave their own set Cal/OSHA requirements. 1637(n)(1) • Anchorageand bracing shall be such that scaffoldsand falsework will be prevented fromGuardrails meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each landing. Fall Guard Specialists. Cal/OSHA poster “Safety and Health Protection on the Job. Return to index New query §3209. RAILINGS open-sided stairs < 44” require 1 stair rail/side; open-sided stairs > 44” require 1 stair rail and 1 separate. 112 (sic). (CAL OSHA): 1620 – Design of Temporary Railing. 1. The guardrails provided here are 1-1/4” thick. 112(c)(1) on both sides and that are not less than 30 inches (76. Stair railing height requirements are derived from handrail code—a model building code that communities can adopt and adapt as needed. This clause is often used by OSHA to enforce fall protection requirements. Fall protection in cranes and derricks in. 451(g)(4), the employer in the situation you describe has the choice of using either a fall arrest system or a guardrail system to protect employees from fall hazards associated with working from a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level. (1) Formwork and falsework or shoring for the support of concrete or other materials shall be designed, erected, supported, braced and maintained so as to assure its ability to safely withstand all intended loads during erection, construction, usage and. Change without regulatory effect amending section and Note filed 3-17-2011 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2011, No. This section applies to the construction and placement of structural wood framing systems. The following general requirements by the California Code of Regulations apply to all stair rails and hand rails: A stairway with four or more risers, or rising more than 30 inches (76 cm), must be fortified with: one handrail (minimum requirement) and a stair rail, top rail, and mid-rail, along each unprotected side. Most loading docks are 48-52” tall, but we do see instances of docks a few inches shy of four feet–say 46”. Key Cal/OSHA Requirements . Fixed type. Below is a Metal s 1644 Towerand rolling scaffolds 1646 Ladderjack scaffolds 1648 Outriggerand bracket scaffolds 1645 Horsescaffolds 1647 Windowjack scaffolds 1654. Stairs other than fixed industrial stairs have different requirements for being equipped with standard stair railing or standard handrails when compared to the requirements of fixed industrial stairs. Can a Stair Rail be a Handrail too? OSHA Stair rail requirements - stair railings may serve as handrails, and vice-versa. (a) Buildings. Roof Hazards. (o) Railing. 1541 . (7) Where the rise would exceed 9 1/2 inches and the run would be less than 8 inches, portable, fixed, or ships ladders shall be used. Thursday, August 12, 2021 Español. Cal/OSHA poster “Safety and Health Protection on the Job. Under 29 CFR 1926. for General Industry. Guardrails shall be provided on all open sides of unenclosed elevated work locations, such as: roof openings, open and glazed sides of landings, balconies or porches, platforms, runways, ramps, or working levels more than 30 inches above the floor, ground, or other working areas of a building as defined in Section 3207 of the General Industry. Treads must be at least 10 inches deep, measuring from front to back. com. 82 cm ±7. Cal/OSHA poster “Safety and Health Protection on the Job. General Requirements. §1716. Be sure to check with your code official regarding your area’s guardrail height requirements. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they. Section 142. (a) During roofing operations the employer shall comply with the provisions of Section 1509 and employees shall be trained and instructed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1510 of these orders. Safety Railing. • A Cal/OSHA permitis required for erecting and dismantlingscaffolds that exceed or 36 ft. Safety. Account; Contact; Testimonials; 1. The safety ledge shall be designed to carry a live load of 100 pounds per square foot. 555 (a) General requirements. ) (f) Stairway platforms shall be no less than the width of. 501(b)(3) states that, when guardrails are removed to facilitate hoisting operations, employees who have to lean out over the edge must be tied off. Erection and Construction. OSHA 1910. 453 address aerial lifts for general industry and construction (respectively). America's Safest Companies. Plus, it can help you comply with OSHA scissor lift safety requirements. Stair. Fall Protection Specialists. As a safety professional, your role is crucial in ensuring the safety of workers and visitors in the workplace. 451 (b) (4) Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). 82 cm ±7. The top edge height may exceed 45 inches (114 cm). 500 (f) (l) (vi) provides for the utilization of types, sizes and arrangements of railing construction provided they meet the conditions established in sub-paragraph a thru d. 118 to determine the number and spacing of clips. 48 (b)1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627. Where overhead clearance prohibits installation of a 42-inch guardrail, a lower rail or rails shall be installed. 501(b)(10) states “each employee engaged in roofing activities on low-slope roofs, with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet (1. Falsework and Vertical Shoring. In this portion of OSHA code, the main guardrail guidelines and requirements are listed. The use of wire ropes as top rails and intermediate rails of guardrail systems used for perimeter. 2275. American National Standard Institute (ANSI) standards A14. If the temporary guardrail stanchion you propose to attach the control line to complies with the requirements in §1926. 502(b)(9)). 527. 2275. Technical Products . California safety requirements for the construction of stairways, ramps, stair rails which is governed by the California Code of Regulations. The handrail must have a gap from the wall 1 1/2 inches or more, but the overall handrail must not project more than 3 1/2 inches into the. 502(b). 501(b)(1) (guardrails on the walking/working surface, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems) or modified the catch platform to ensure it would have prevented a falling employee from. 21 - Scope and definitions. Testimonials; 1. Spiral stairs must meet the vertical clearance requirements. Structural Wood Framing Systems. Safety Railing. 502(b). The standard's definition of a guardrail system is: "a vertical barrier, consisting of, but not limited to, Toprails, midrails , and posts, erected to prevent employees from falling off a. OSHA maintains a listing of the most frequently cited standards for specified 6-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. Federal OSHA: requires a 200 pound point load. Designers Scaffold designers are workers who are qualified to design scaffolds. If the. 1910. Emergency Response. The handrail must be grippable and between 1 1/4 and 2 inches in diameter. 451 (b) (3) (ii) The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations shall be 18 inches (46 cm). This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. 1541 . 360 Mobile Safety Rail; AccuFit Safety Railing1915. Question 2: What are the requirements for tying-off employees when a guardrail system is removed to facilitate hoisting operations? 29 CFR §1926. 2. Kee Safety. §3212. 866. (7) Where the rise would exceed 9 1/2 inches and the run would be less than 8 inches, portable, fixed, or ships ladders shall be used. The top edge height may exceed 45 inches (1. OSHA provides guidance on walking working surfaces to define the purpose of fall protection safety gates. Guardrail requirements are covered under OSHA 1910. Note that you won’t need to remove your cage after the final deadline. 10. These scaffolds are powered or unpowered and allow for easy movement and a more efficient work environment. OSHA standard 1926. Cost Savings/. Pursuant to §1910. Definitions . Clearances shall be measured from the energized parts if parts are exposed or from the enclosure front or opening, if parts. Conveyor systems shall be equipped with an audible warning signal to be sounded immediately before starting up the conveyor. When the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible or creates a greater hazard to use guardrail, safety net, or personal fall protection systems on residential roofs, the employer must develop and implement a fall protection plan that meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926. 21(b)(5). 25 (b) (2) Vertical clearance above any stair tread to any overhead obstruction is at least 6 feet, 8 inches (203 cm), as measured from the leading edge of the tread. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. 341(d)(5)(B) • Asafeand unobstructed meansofaccess, such as awalkway, stair, or ladder shall be provided to all scaffoldplatforms. Load requirements: guardrails must be able to resist a linear load of 50 pounds per linear foot. Use of personnel platform. Don’t climb on guardrails, work or reach between the guardrails, climb on ladders or stand on other items when working on the platform. (1) A top rail not less than 42 inches or more. To comply with OSHA's fall protection requirements in the pictured scenario, the employer could have either provided the fall protection specified in 1926. OSHA is requesting updates to the handrail and stair rail system requirements for its general industry, Walking-Working Surfaces standard, according to a press release. OSHA Fall Protection Requirements. If the handrail isn’t circular, the perimeter dimension should not be less than 4 inches and mustn’t be greater than 6. §3211. 451(f), General requirements: "Use", OSHA Standard. Rather, caged ladders will not be deemed OSHA. §1620. The posts to be 1 1/2-inch outside diameter or larger, the spacing not to exceed 8 feet. 1053 3 Fall protection training requirementsHeight: guardrails must not be less than 42 inches; Openings: must not have openings that allow a 4” sphere to pass through. 1917. ). A guardrail safety system’s top edge must be 42(±)3 inches above the walking level. 5a Position of Guardrail at Fixed Objects 24 06-01-2017 . no planking or platform is part of an eave barrier or railing system. Any working surface 4 feet or higher must be protected with guardrails on all sides at least 42" tall and have to withstand 200 pounds of force. Top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, shall be 42 inches (1. 10). New definition of “Certified Safety Professional or CSP” filed 8-29-2011; operative 9-28-2011 (Register 2011, No. 1 Doors. ) from the surface of the walking area. Safety Services . 1910. 24 cm) in height shall be provided at the waterside edges of aprons and bulkheads, except where vehicles are prohibited. 29 (f) (1) (ii) (B)) and the handrail must be 30 to 38 inches in height (§1910. This cal osha 3209 fall protection guardrail is approved for use in California and adheres to all Cal-OSHA requirements. 2275. Midrails, screens, mesh, and other. If the temporary guardrail stanchion you propose to attach the control line to complies with the requirements in §1926. e. 1997] (See Figure 1). This 28-page document covers the basics of fall protection systems, equipment, and regulations, as well as practical tips and examples for different work scenarios. 11). Floor Openings, Floor Holes, Skylights and Roofs. 158(a). Fall Protection Specialists. If you need additional information, please contact us by fax at: U. 502 (d)(16). " You further expressed concern for the confusion created by OSHA's scaffold standard and its directive, CPL 2. The program shall enable each employee to recognize the hazards of falling and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed in order to minimize these hazards. Similarly, OSHA's general industry standards related to guardrail systems (Subpart D Walking. 420 Greentree Road. 13(c)]Building owners of new installations shall inform the employer before each use in writing that the installation meets the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) and (f)(1) of this section and the additional design criteria contained in other provisions of paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section relating to: required load sustaining capabilities of platforms, building. CAL-OSHA is responsible for enforcing workplace safety regulations in California. Safety Railing. Scope and definitions. OSHA standard 1926. The top rail rail must be able to withstand 200 pounds of force in the downward and outward directions. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. The California Building Code (CBC) contains general building design and construction requirements relating to fire and life safety, structural safety, and access compliance. The Agency is aware that there are workplace situations where the installation of guardrails or safety nets could involve more risk, due to the nature or duration of the exposure, than the work for which protection is required. (7) Safety deck attachments shall be performed in the CDZ from the leading edge back to the control line and shall have at least two attachments for each metal decking panel. The IBC code for structural design has some very specific requirements for deck stairs: Stair rails on decks should be between 34 inches and 38 inches high, measured vertically from the nose of the tread to the top of the rail. ”. 555 (a) (2) If the operator's station is at a remote point. Department of Labor, OSHA, Directorate of Construction, Office of Construction Standards and Guidance, fax. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. 451 (a) (5), states that, "Guardrails shall be 2 x 4 inches or the equivalent, approximately 42 inches. Section 18(b) of The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, P. , guardrail systems, safety net systems, orJun 2, 2017 10:11:07 AM. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. 23. 5 such as posting, certification and registration requirements. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave NWThe State of California has special requirements for anchors on buildings over 48’ tall or 4 stories. Guardrail systems with toeboards, Safety net systems, or Personal fall arrest systems. 360 Mobile Safety Rail; AccuFit Safety Barrier; 360 Portable Hide-a-Rail Foldings Track;OSHA guidelines on guardrail fall protection criteria dictate that a guardrail safety system’s top edge must be 42(±)3 inches above the floor. 25 (b) (1) Handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrail systems are provided in accordance with § 1910. 527. For general industry, employers must ensure that workers are protected at heights of 4 feet or more ( 1910. To gather more information or for quotes on Safety Gates, Guardrail systems, or for consultation, contact the EDGE Fall Protection Team! 844-314-1374. Roofing Operations and Equipment. Title 8 of California Code of Regulations (T8 CCR) specifies many requirements for fall protection in are selected regulations that contain fall protection requirements. 1102A. work . Employers are responsible for ensuring compliance with applicable OSHA requirements. 112(c)(1) on both sides and that are not less than 30 inches (76. 5 inches (9 cm) as measured from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the. 501 (b) (1) Unprotected sides and edges. Pittsburgh, Pa. For this purpose, it’s common to use toeboards with a vertical height of at least 3. Let’s not forget about how harnesses can prevent serious falls. 1917. The inspection must consist of observation of wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use during the shift for apparent deficiencies, including. 62 cm). guardrails or railings if they have been designed for use as. B) 1915. Stair Rails and Handrails. Our photo (above) illustrates very challenging stairs with a high rise, climbing to over 230 feet at the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacán outside of Mexico City. 503 (a) Training program. 23 (a) (1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, rescue, and tactical law enforcement operations, or training for these operations; or. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1637. Fall protection in cranes and derricks in. Handrail height: 34 inches – 38 inches from the walking surface. 1926. The height can exceed 45 inches as long as every other criterion required by OSHA has been met. 6 feet, 8 inches of headroom is required at all landings. New query. They shall also be of such construction and mounting that under ordinary loads or impacts, they. In particular, toeboards used for falling object protection are as follows: Toe Board Height Requirements: 29 (k) (1) (ii): “have a vertical minimum height of 3. Guardrails 78. EXCEPTION: Guardrails or stair rails will not be required on ramps used only by powered industrial trucks. Guardrails with a top-edge height less than 39 inches are not permitted. 450(b) 1926. So, that height can be anywhere from 39 inches to 45 inches. 23. §3214. You will also earn a wallet-sized OSHA 10 DOL card that is. Hazard Communication Program (HAZCOM) 81. For additional information, see OSHA's Workers’ page. 833-579-0927. (1) Metal scaffolds shall be designed to support all dead, live, and wind loads to which they will be subjected. The use of wire ropes as top rails and intermediate rails of guardrail systems used for perimeter protection or for guardrails used on scaffolding meeting the equivalent requirements of 29 CFR 1926. Selected T8 CCR Sections . 2-2007, A14. Cal/OSHA Title 8, 3209, on the other hand, states that the top rails of a metal guardrail can have a height from 42" to 45" from the surface below, with a permissible tolerance on height dimensions of one inch. 501(b)(1) "Unprotected sides and edges. (a) General. CAL-OSHA has a similar guideline in place for. Sincerely,Semitrailers, flatbeds and straight trucks all have bed heights that closely align with 48-inch-high platforms, so loading dock platforms most commonly are 44 to 48 inches high. 25 (b) (1) Handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrail systems are provided in accordance with § 1910. 527. Curbs or bull rails installed after October 3, 1983, shall be at least 10 inches (25. A scissor lift harness can protect your lift operators against accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Field Information Memorandum #75-40, June 2, 1975, Subject: Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes - General Industry (copy enclosed) covers situations where. (3) Guardrails installed on or before May 26, 2011. Open guards shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 4-inch-diameter sphere cannot pass through any opening except as allowed by Section 1015. 22 m) or more in depth so as to require no more than 25 feet (7. Vertical height of top rail. Safety Standards in Shipyard Employment for Scaffolds; Welding, Cutting, and Heating; Access and Egress; and Fall Protection. Have handrails that meet the requirements of § 1917. 29 (f) (1) (i)) (as measured at the. Fall Protection Adepts. Cal/OSHA Regulation Guidance Materials, Posters, and Other Resources Access to work levels Stairways and Ladders;. (IIPP) that meets all Cal/OSHA requirements. 1 m) plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm) above the walking/working level. "Guardrail Systems-Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying with 1926. One of the most critical measures in promoting safety is the installation of safety railings to prevent falls and protect individuals from harm. 29 (b) (1): The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42. Note that our enforcement. Double, 1-inch by 4-inch members may be used for this purpose, provided that one member is fastened in a flat position on top of the posts and the other fastened in an edge-up position to the inside of the posts and the side of the top member. Of guardrail post spacing, railing height, and diameter to installation, we canister help break down OSHA's railing requirements and all thine questions. Shift inspection . Safety ProductsAll material hoists shall conform to the requirements of ANSI A10. state building codes, and we give photo examples of good, bad, and ugly or downright dangerous guard railings, or walls that should have had a guard railing. Each aspect refers to federal OSHA 1910. California Administrative Code. For example, ANSI standard A1264. 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) • 1. The standard requires guardrail systems and components to be designed and built to meet the requirements of § 1926. Height: The top-edge height of guardrails must be 42 inches, plus or minus three inches, above the walking-working surface. 1926. 501(b)(3) states that, when guardrails are removed to facilitate hoisting operations, employees who have to lean out over the edge must be tied off. 25 inches. Cal/OSHA. 1926. 1910. 1910. Floor Openings, Floor Holes and Roofs. Note: Requirements for guarding existing skylights are found in Section 3212(e) of the General Industry Safety Orders. Topic. Cal/OSHA COVID-19 Guidance and Resources. 651 (d) Exposure to vehicular traffic. 450(b), as well as the requirements of §1926. (a) During roofing operations the employer shall comply with the provisions of Section 1509 and employees shall be trained and instructed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1510 of these orders. CAL/OSHA (Ex. 502(b)(3) requires railing systems meet a 200 pound concentrated load test. Roof Securing Barrier Ground Mounted Railing Construction. 552(c) Personnel hoists. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1620. The guardrail must withstand up to 200 lbs of force in any outward or downward direction to be OSHA-compliant. 5 inches (9 cm) as measured from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the. What about other employees, who do not. Stair treads must sustain a weight of at least. 1926. From guardrail post spacing, railing height, furthermore diameter to installation, we can help break down OSHA's railing requirements and any your questions. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard at 29 CFR 1926. Office Name. In California, Portable Ladder Safety is regulated by Title 8 California Code of Regulations (T8CCR) Sections 1675 , 3276, 3287, and 3413 . A minimum radius of 0. 1431 (b) (2) (i)Under 1910. Cal/OSHA: Workplace Safety and Health: 833-579-0927: Labor Commissioner's Office: Wages, breaks, retaliation and labor laws: 833-526-4636: Division of Workers' Compensation:OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 502. §1717. OSHA believes that a uniform riser height within 1/4 inch (0. Never drop or throw objects to or from the work platform. (a) General. ; Strength to withstand at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of the. 29 (k) includes standards for “protection from falling objects”. 500(d. 1915. So, that height can be anywhere from 39 inches to 45 inches. 5b Length of Need Determination. 866. (A) Ground-rigged working platforms shall comply with all the requirements of Section 3295(e)(2)(A) through (M). 451(g)(4). OSHA follows a hierarchy of fall protection controls, which prioritizes certain methods over others. The following is an overview of the regulations in Title 8 for Fall Protection in construction (not all of the applicable Title 8 regulations are given below) Article 16. Handrail safety is just as important as the safety of the staircase itself. Scaffolds--Various Types. 527. Shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; and. (a) Unless otherwise protected, railings as set forth in Section 1620 shall be provided along all unprotected and open sides, edges and ends of all built-up scaffolds, runways,. 29 – Fall protection systems and falling object protection-criteria and practices. The maximum and minimum cross-sectional dimension should be 2. 750 must be a minimum 1/2-inch wire rope because of the impact load the railing may have to withstand if struck by hoisted steel members. From guardrail post spacing, railing height, and belt to installation, we may support split down OSHA's railing requirements and every your ask. 23 (a) (1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, rescue, and tactical law enforcement operations, or training for these operations; or. 527. A horizontal safety line or a direct connection anchorage shall be provided, as part of a fall arrest system which meets the requirements of Appendix C. Cal/OSHA also requires that the top rail of the guardrail must. 2 cm) in height from the tread surface at the riser face. Below is the new OSHA code reflecting this requirement: 1910. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] In addition to the requirement of this chapter, means of. 5 inches. Means of egress doors shall meet the requirements of this section. Non-penetrating Guardrail. 250 (a) (2) (i) The weight of stored materials on floors within buildings and structures shall not exceed maximum safe load limits. 1. 844-314-1374. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. 07 m), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking/working surface. The employer must ensure:Signs meeting the requirements of the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3340 shall be posted to warn unauthorized persons to stay out of the CDZ. Thank you for your inquiry. 1926. Scissor lifts must have guardrails installed to prevent workers from falling (see 29 CFR 1926. About Us; Where Are Work; Account; Contact; Testify; 1. (b) Slopes 0:12 to 4:12 -Single-Unit (Monolithic) Roof Coverings. (b) Safety monitoring systems.